vineri, 12 aprilie 2013
Origin of time zones and world clock
Originally, each village had its own called local time, which was determined by the sun: when the sun reached its highest point above the horizon, it was 12 noon clock. Travelers were directed to the local time of the place reached in each case. With the emergence of the railroad time standard was necessary, which was considered in the broader field of railway, for example, to be able to write general schedules. Thus, the time of a major city, often one of the termini of the railway line to the nationally accepted standard time. That was partly the time of the capital. Examples: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Prague, Berne and Geneva time. Was not satisfactory, the situation in cities in which ended several railroads. Geneva was the terminus for one of Paris and for a coming from Bern railway line and had the time in Paris and Berne time in addition to their time in Geneva.
In east-west or west-east travel on board a ship, the time change is handled quite arbitrary and the days on which a change is determined according to the operational requirements on board. Usually more than one hour will be changed in a day. The day that happens, does not necessarily have to coincide with the crossing of the geographical border between two time zones. The hour is usually placed in three 20-minute intervals during the night: The first 20 minutes during the 20-24-clock guard, the second 20 minutes during the 0-4 clock-and-watch the last 20 minutes during the 4-8-clock guard. This ensures that the change caused by the more-or less work is distributed evenly across all three guards. For two guard vessels are treated analogously and adjusted twice in 30 minutes.
An improvement was created by the first half of the 19th Century introduced telegraphy. In the 1840-1860s in almost all European countries a uniform standard time was fixed, which could make the country known by telegraph signals emitted time. They chose the most time of their capital.
The subsequent systematic time zones were first introduced not by states but by North American railroads 1883rd Transversely guided on the continent Railroads accounted for more than a standard time required. The areas were divided into four (later five) time zones. U.S. and Canada were able to take this time zones later with minor correction in their state regulations, because they differed from the Greenwich Mean Time (UTC later) at all hours.
The systematic global time zone system was a result of the international agreement of the Greenwich meridian as zero meridian at the Washington International Meridian Conference 1884th Which is important for the mapping Nullmeridian henceforth served as reference meridian for the subdivision of the earth in time zones.
World Clock compared to UTC Clock Time
| The UTC time will be marked in some circles of Z, since the corresponding signal Z maritime zone (around since 1950), and that the time zone is zero (i.e. zero) since 1920. Since the NATO phonetic alphabet used by, and the rádióamatőröknél Z Zulu has said, so it is also known as UTC time. This is based on the UTC +1 time Alpha, Bravo Time, UTC +2, and so on. |
|---|
| Baker Island Time, BIT | UTC-12 |
| Samoa Standard Time, SST | UTC-11 |
| Hawaii Standard Time, HST | UTC-10 |
| Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time, HAST | UTC-10 |
| Marquesas Time, MART | UTC-9:30 |
| Hawaii-Aleutian Daylight Time, HADT | UTC-9 |
| Alaska Standard Time, AKST | UTC-9 |
| Alaska Daylight Time, AKDT | UTC-8 |
| Pacific Standard Time, (USA) PST | UTC-8 |
| Pacific Daylight Time, (USA) PDT | UTC-7 |
| Mountain Standard Time, (USA) MST | UTC-7 |
| Mountain Daylight Time, (USA) MDT | UTC-6 |
| Central Standard Time, (USA) CST | UTC-6 |
| Central Daylight Time (USA) CDT | UTC-5 |
| Eastern Standard Time, (USA) EST | UTC-5 |
| Acre Standard Time, ACT | UTC-5 |
| Venezuela Time, VET | UTC-4:30 |
| Eastern Daylight Time, (USA) EDT | UTC-4 |
| Atlantic Standard Time, AST | UTC-4 |
| Amazonas Standard Time, AMT | UTC-4 |
| Newfoundland Standard Time, NST | UTC-3:30 |
| Atlantic Daylight Time, ADT | UTC-3 |
| Amazonas Summer Time, AMST | UTC-3 |
| Brazil Time, BRT | UTC-3 |
| Newfoundland Daylight Time, NDT | UTC-2:30 |
| Brazil Summer Time, BRST | UTC-2 |
| Fernando de Noronha Time, FNT | UTC-2 |
| Cape Verde Time, CVT | UTC-1 |
| Greenwichi középidő Greenwich Mean Time, GMT |
UTC |
| British Summer Time, BST | UTC+1 |
| Közép-európai idő Central European Time, CET Mitteleuropäische Zeit, MEZ |
UTC+1 |
| Central European Summer Time, CEST Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit, MESZ |
UTC+2 |
| Kelet-európai idő Eastern European Time, EET |
UTC+2 |
| South Africa Standard Time, SAST | UTC+2 |
| Eastern European Summer Time, EEST | UTC+3 |
| Kiev Time or Minsk Time | UTC+3 |
| Teheráni idő Iran Standard Time, IRST |
UTC+3:30 |
| Moszkvai idő Moscow Time |
UTC+4 |
| Arabia Standard Time, GST | UTC+4 |
| Iran Daylight Time, IRDT | UTC+4:30 |
| Afghanistan Time, AFT | UTC+4:30 |
| Pakistan Time, PKT | UTC+5 |
| Indian Standard Time, IST | UTC+5:30 |
| Nepal Time, NPT | UTC+5:45 |
| Bangladesh Time, BDT | UTC+6 |
| Myanmar Time, MMT | UTC+6:30 |
| Western Indonesia Time, WIT | UTC+7 |
| Singapore Time, SGT | UTC+8 |
| Hong Kong Time, HKT | UTC+8 |
| Western Australia Standard Time, WST | UTC+8 |
| China Time, CST | UTC+8 |
| Malaysia Time, MYT | UTC+8 |
| Philippine Time, PHT | UTC+8 |
| Central Indonesia Time, CIT | UTC+8 |
| Australian Central Western Standard Time, ACWST | UTC+8:45 |
| Timor Leste Time, TLT | UTC+9 |
| Japan Standard Time, JST | UTC+9 |
| Korea Standard Time, KST | UTC+9 |
| Eastern Indonesia Time, EIT | UTC+9 |
| Western Australia Daylight Time, WDT | UTC+9 |
| Australian Central Standard Time, ACST | UTC+9:30 |
| Australian Central Western Daylight Time, ACWDT | UTC+9:45 |
| Australian Eastern Standard Time, AEST | UTC+10 |
| Chamorro Standard Time, ChST | UTC+10 |
| Australian Central Daylight Time, ACDT | UTC+10:30 |
| Lord Howe Standard Time, LHST | UTC+10:30 |
| Australian Eastern Daylight Time, AEDT | UTC+11 |
| Lord Howe Daylight Time, LHST | UTC+11 |
| Norfolk Time, NFT | UTC+11:30 |
| New Zealand Standard Time, NZST | UTC+12 |
| Chatham Island Standard Time, CHAST | UTC+12:45 |
| New Zealand Daylight Time, NZDT | UTC+13 |
| Tonga Time, TOT | UTC+13 |
| Chatham Island Daylight Time, CHADT | UTC+13:45 |
| Line Islands Time, LINT | UTC+14 |
The world clock
Imagine a world without time, no time would be total chaos, everyone would do something without knowing what it does, or how long it is.
Time is a feature of this world, and he is counted the clock. The clock shows hours, minutes, seconds passing again and again. Everyone asked at least once in life time is it?
What if, over tt this globe would be the same time? There is something wrong? You know it's 3 am in you, and in another corner of the world at 3 am would be the day. It would be nonsense. Therefore it was common for every country to have a time zone by time zone where they are.
This is because when we travel somewhere, always be midnight at 24 or at 0.
A world clock is the area of the surface of the earth, which clocks show the same time (this time in "Time" has been named as opposed to "local time" with that of the longitude of the location determined). In theory, each world clock bounded by meridians of longitude, but in reality for political reasons, they are adapted to the country's borders. In the past, people used solar noon local time relative to that outpost settlements varied widely. The hours of constant travel claims quicker and more accurate world clocks becomes more and more a problem.
Dividing the world into 24 equal ball exactly two corner so arise ideal 24 world clocks. These extend across each 7 ½ degrees of longitude on either side of the reference meridian, which is ideally an integer multiple of 15 ° with respect to the internationally agreed prime meridian. This has the following advantages:
The world clock is different at the zone boundaries from only ± ½ hour of the mean solar time.
The time difference from the adjacent world clock is ± 1 hour.
Most states have chosen one of the 24 world clocks as statutory time (or more world clocks in states with a large east-west extension). An actual world clock is the sum of all states or parts with the same selected world clock and in areas of the oceans, which are always part of an ideal world clock.
Such an actual world clock differs firstly from an ideal world clock because the western and eastern borders of the states on the borders of an ideal world clock to fall, and generally follow any longitude. In addition, the binding to the solar time often not a priority for traditions, economic considerations or cultural ties with neighboring states. Consequently, the world clock of a neighboring or more distant ideal world clock to be selected as the official time. An actual world clock already frayed edges is therefore offset occasionally in east-west direction, and is not always a continuous north-south strip. Most likely it is over the oceans a longer part of the ideal Kugelzweiecks because they not for domestic purposes, but the shipping and aviation and the military (for example, by NATO: see DTG) is defined and used.
Colloquially, the term world clock can only be meant the territory of a state, rather than the area described as a world clock belongs. Further confusion arises when the terms timezone and world clock are used as synonyms.
Some countries do not use one of the 24 "ideal" world clock which differ by an hour of each other. Choose between a time, thereby creating a ending on its southern and northern borders timezone (eg India).
States with a large east-west distance usually have multiple world clocks (for example, U.S. and Russia). They divide their territory more or less in line with the "ideal" world clocks. It can double or more broad national world clocks can be formed (as in Russia), or in the nation has only one world clock is used (as in China).
The world clocks are relative to the general Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, Coordinated Universal Time), such as UTC +1 h Central European Time (CET) or UTC-3: 30pm (Newfoundland Standard Time). Because the usage is not always clear, one world clock UTC ± x is sometimes referred to as a world clock.
In some countries, in addition, about every six months and normal zone (normal time, English Standard Time) and DST (English DST, Daylight Saving Time) is changed.
The date changes in each world clock, if there is midnight (24 clock / 00 clock), or when crossing the International Date Line (change between world clocks, UTC +12 h or 12 h UTC). Thus, a world clock is also characterized by the same valid date.
All times are in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) are compared. The point of reference to the zero meridian (0 longitude) that is located near London Greenwich Royal observatory through the circle, so the earlier Coordinated Universal Time in Greenwich Mean time (GMT) was called. world clocks of Agreement of the International Meridian Conference was taken.
The zone from UTC time to the hour are usually different from and less frequently compared to the whole half-hour, two hours, four cases there is a difference. The second number is the same everywhere. Large-scale east-west countries (such as China), the case that a single standard time is used; occur in other specialties.
Time is a feature of this world, and he is counted the clock. The clock shows hours, minutes, seconds passing again and again. Everyone asked at least once in life time is it?
What if, over tt this globe would be the same time? There is something wrong? You know it's 3 am in you, and in another corner of the world at 3 am would be the day. It would be nonsense. Therefore it was common for every country to have a time zone by time zone where they are.
This is because when we travel somewhere, always be midnight at 24 or at 0.
A world clock is the area of the surface of the earth, which clocks show the same time (this time in "Time" has been named as opposed to "local time" with that of the longitude of the location determined). In theory, each world clock bounded by meridians of longitude, but in reality for political reasons, they are adapted to the country's borders. In the past, people used solar noon local time relative to that outpost settlements varied widely. The hours of constant travel claims quicker and more accurate world clocks becomes more and more a problem.
Dividing the world into 24 equal ball exactly two corner so arise ideal 24 world clocks. These extend across each 7 ½ degrees of longitude on either side of the reference meridian, which is ideally an integer multiple of 15 ° with respect to the internationally agreed prime meridian. This has the following advantages:
The world clock is different at the zone boundaries from only ± ½ hour of the mean solar time.
The time difference from the adjacent world clock is ± 1 hour.
Most states have chosen one of the 24 world clocks as statutory time (or more world clocks in states with a large east-west extension). An actual world clock is the sum of all states or parts with the same selected world clock and in areas of the oceans, which are always part of an ideal world clock.
Such an actual world clock differs firstly from an ideal world clock because the western and eastern borders of the states on the borders of an ideal world clock to fall, and generally follow any longitude. In addition, the binding to the solar time often not a priority for traditions, economic considerations or cultural ties with neighboring states. Consequently, the world clock of a neighboring or more distant ideal world clock to be selected as the official time. An actual world clock already frayed edges is therefore offset occasionally in east-west direction, and is not always a continuous north-south strip. Most likely it is over the oceans a longer part of the ideal Kugelzweiecks because they not for domestic purposes, but the shipping and aviation and the military (for example, by NATO: see DTG) is defined and used.
Colloquially, the term world clock can only be meant the territory of a state, rather than the area described as a world clock belongs. Further confusion arises when the terms timezone and world clock are used as synonyms.
Some countries do not use one of the 24 "ideal" world clock which differ by an hour of each other. Choose between a time, thereby creating a ending on its southern and northern borders timezone (eg India).
States with a large east-west distance usually have multiple world clocks (for example, U.S. and Russia). They divide their territory more or less in line with the "ideal" world clocks. It can double or more broad national world clocks can be formed (as in Russia), or in the nation has only one world clock is used (as in China).
The world clocks are relative to the general Coordinated Universal Time (UTC, Coordinated Universal Time), such as UTC +1 h Central European Time (CET) or UTC-3: 30pm (Newfoundland Standard Time). Because the usage is not always clear, one world clock UTC ± x is sometimes referred to as a world clock.
In some countries, in addition, about every six months and normal zone (normal time, English Standard Time) and DST (English DST, Daylight Saving Time) is changed.
The date changes in each world clock, if there is midnight (24 clock / 00 clock), or when crossing the International Date Line (change between world clocks, UTC +12 h or 12 h UTC). Thus, a world clock is also characterized by the same valid date.
All times are in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) are compared. The point of reference to the zero meridian (0 longitude) that is located near London Greenwich Royal observatory through the circle, so the earlier Coordinated Universal Time in Greenwich Mean time (GMT) was called. world clocks of Agreement of the International Meridian Conference was taken.
The zone from UTC time to the hour are usually different from and less frequently compared to the whole half-hour, two hours, four cases there is a difference. The second number is the same everywhere. Large-scale east-west countries (such as China), the case that a single standard time is used; occur in other specialties.
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